Registering a private limited company in India requires following a precise set of procedures to meet the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) regulations.

Step 1: Obtain Director Identification Numbers (DINs) Every individual who plans to serve as a director for a company in India must have a unique Director Identification Number (DIN) issued by the MCA. This is a mandatory prerequisite for appointment. You can apply for a DIN for up to three directors through the SPICe+ form during company incorporation, or separately via Form DIR-3. The application requires identity proof (e.g., PAN card), address proof (e.g., Aadhaar card), and a recent photo. Foreign nationals must also provide their passport and address proof. To prevent rejections, ensure all provided information precisely matches your documents and use clear, scanned copies.

Step 2: Get Digital Signature Certificates (DSCs) Digital Signature Certificates (DSCs) are vital for directors to electronically sign documents submitted to the MCA, which is essential for the online company registration process. To get a DSC, select an MCA-approved Certifying Authority (CA) and complete their application, providing identity proof (like a PAN card) and address proof (like an Aadhaar card). You’ll then undergo a verification process (either video or in-person). Once approved, download your DSC onto a USB token or computer. A Class 2 DSC is typically sufficient for MCA filings. Make sure your documents are current to avoid delays.

Step 3: Apply for Company Name Approval Before finalizing your company name, use the MCA’s name availability tool to check potential options. Then, submit the Reserve Unique Name (RUN) form with up to two preferred names. If approved, the name will be reserved for 20 days, with the approval process usually taking 2-3 days. When choosing a name, aim for something easy to spell, avoid common words, ensure it aligns with your brand, and consider trademark registration for added protection. Always have alternative names prepared in case your initial choices are rejected.

Step 4: Draft Memorandum and Articles of Association (MoA & AoA) The Memorandum of Association (MoA) and Articles of Association (AoA) are fundamental legal documents that establish the company’s constitution and its internal operational rules. The MoA outlines the company’s core details, such as its name, registered office, primary objectives, director and shareholder liability, and capital structure. It’s crucial that the object clause comprehensively covers all intended business activities. The AoA specifies the company’s internal management framework, including procedures for shareholder meetings, director powers, and other operational guidelines. You can either adopt standard model articles or customize them to suit your company’s specific needs. Properly drafted MoA and AoA are essential for legal compliance and smooth business operations.

Step 5: File SPICe+ Form for Incorporation The SPICe+ form is an all-in-one web form that streamlines the company incorporation process by combining multiple services into a single application. It consists of two parts: Part A for name reservation (if required) and Part B for detailed incorporation information. If you’ve already reserved a name, proceed directly to Part B, where you’ll provide comprehensive company details, including the registered office address, information about directors and shareholders, share capital structure, and business activity codes. You must also attach the MoA, AoA, and identity proofs, and pay the relevant fees based on your authorized capital. Submit the form electronically with digital signatures. The Registrar of Companies (RoC) typically takes 5-7 working days for approval. It’s crucial to ensure all information is accurate and documents are complete to avoid rejection.

Step 6: Receive Certificate of Incorporation along with TAN & PAN Upon successful approval of the SPICe+ form by the RoC, you will receive the Certificate of Incorporation, which legally confirms your company’s existence. Your Permanent Account Number (PAN) and Tax Deduction and Collection Account Number (TAN) will also be assigned at this time. With this certificate, your private limited company is officially registered, marking the beginning of your business operations. It is imperative to keep this document secure, as it is a vital requirement for future compliance and legal matters.